To go down a L&L setting without bloodlines mattering, this idea combines some fairy tale-esque ideas with a little Mandate of Heaven. The title-holders of a piece of land are literally chosen by that land. Somehow a person becomes imbued with the trust of the genius loci of that place and becomes the noble of that place. It could follow a family line for a while before jumping to someone outside that family. A person could become entrusted by many lands, growing in power.
However, the land is influenced by the virtues and moral failings of its chosen paragon and each land has expects different things from its holder. If a noble lives up to the proper virtues, the land flourishes, crops grow two, three, fourfold in abundance, rivers and streams fill with fish, wild fruits and vegetables are practically tripped over with every step through the woods, every day seems brighter, the colors more vivid, and every night is peaceful. If a noble fails to meet the land's expectations, colors grow duller, the fields harder to plow, crops shrink in size, the streams become muddy sludge flows, and the rivers choppy and treacherous, the woods fill with thorns and poisonous plants, and the nights filled with fear.
I would probably use something like Pendragon's personality traits for this and give each land a selection of traits it cares about that are tied to the feel of that particular place. A wild, verdant rainforest might prefer Energetic, Indulgent, Arbitrary, Lustful, and Suspicious. A desert could prefer Cruel, Modest, Prudent, Honest, and Temperate. A noble who tries to hold the titles for many different lands will have to juggle the traits those lands desire of their title holder.